1. Introduction
1. 1 Computers work principle
Computers fundamental component are electronic circuit which can be occupied bit 0 and bit 1.
Bit 0 is named condition of OFF while 1 condition of ON.
Computers process or computing done by controlling bit 0 and bit 1 at the electronic network.
The operation procedure is written in the form of COMPUTER PROGRAM.
COMPUTER PROGRAM will process INPUT (DATA) becomes OUTPUT (INFORMATION)
COMPUTER PROGRAM contains computer data processing process sequence.
COMPUTER PROGRAM written in programming language.
Result of data processing process called as INFORMATION
Simply, DATA is processed to apply PROGRAM to be INFORMATION or with computer term:
DATA ----- PROCESS ----- INFORMATION or
INPUT ----- PROGRAM ----- OUTPUT
Like making bread, DATA is raw material that is: wheat, sugar, butter, egg and others. The raw material then is processed. The processing through some steps: originally wheat is given by water. Swirled scrambled. Then is decanted sugar, other egg, butter and mixture. Hereinafter is swirled until flattening. The next is cooking in oven.
Result (OUTPUT) after cooking to become bread ready for consumed.
1.2. Programming languageData processing computer pass certain phases and step. These phases and steps are written down sequentially in the form of program. So program are commands in successive lists written in programming language to process data. The command written in programming language which is not English although many command written in English like.
There are two programming language types that are:1. Low-level language orienting at machine language (Machine Language and Assembly Language) relates to operation hardware computer.
2. High level language orienting at man language (BASIC = Beginner All purpose Symbolical Instruction Code), applied for the application of public for example for calculation and business, Fortran = Formula Translator for calculation mathematics. Cobol (Common Business Oriented Language) for business applications. In the next development are Pascal language, C, and continued with visual program for example vBasic, Delphi, Visual C and then VBNet (VBASICNET). Now there is plenty of programming language software in marketing.
1.3. Algorithm and flowchart
Flowchart facilitates programmer to get visual picture from ALGORITMA. Algorithm is computing process sequence written to water down programmer makes program. So make program in advance is made algorithm visualizing in the form of flowchart. Experienced programmer makes program without flowchart, even without making algorithm in advance. Junior Programmer suggested mastering technique flowcharting in advance. Programming logic is visualization in the form of flowchart. To learn Assembly, absolute flowchart is required.
1.4. Computer system.
Some computer programs integrated to become one unities of so-called system software. Software system can be supposed like lake to contain water with peace surface. When people drops as of item big stone, hence water level in that lake would be surging and would be calm again after same elsewhere water level height. So also when small gravel is dropped, happened small ripples is of all water level until height of all the same water level. And so do at software system, Big transaction happened at data input will cause change at journal and general ledger later on influences balance. Small scale transaction also same its influence. There are not differentiated between small and big transactions. Flowchart for software system called as SYSTEM FLOWCHART while for computer program called as PROGRAM FLOWCHART.
1.5. Program making phase
Makes program to differ from makes system program. When this if there are request makes program meant is make system program totally which is integrating from some programs. Remuneration program or common called as Payroll for example consisted of recording program of mains data, base salary tables, subsidy tables, overtime list and cutting list during one month, calculation program, output print program etcetera. So do not be consisted of one just programs but some programs is integrated to become one software system. In consequence its(the flowchart is also differs in like the one is mentioned to that is system flowchart and program flowchart. System flowchart lapped over from some programs flowchart.
1.6. Symbol SYSTEM FLOWCHART
1.7. Symbol PROGRAM FLOWCHART
This symbol applied to depict relationship between programs flowchart which has integrated
